SECTION A (15 Marks) Answer a ll questions in this section. 1. For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter in the answer booklet(s) provided. (10 marks) (i) Why does the sun appear larger than other stars that are seen at night? A Starlight bends as it passes planets B The sun is closer to the earth than other stars C The earth’s atmosphere filters out light from other stars D Daylight brightens the sun making it appear larger E The capacity of our eyes does not view far during the night (ii) Which layer of the earth forms the ocean floor? A Mantle B Sial C Sima D Core E Crust (iii) In the field study, students were told that, soil has certain biological, chemical and physical characteristics. What is the general term for these characteristics? A soil profile B soil particles C soil properties D soil fertility E soil formation. (iv) A girl was crossing a river and accidentally dropped her school bag in the river. The girl cried as she observed her bag being pulled by the river water toward the river mouth. What could the bag named in relation to the river action? A River erosion B River transportation C River load D River meander E River bed (v) Which of the following factors is n ot the cause of desertification in Tanzania? A Deforestation B Urban growth C Shifting cultivation D Over fishing E Bush fire (vi) Suppose you were interested in developing energy from the remains of living things. What will be the best raw material for your project? A Running water B Petroleum C Solar energy D Coal E Natural gas (vii) The Amazon and Congo basins are regions characterized with the same geographical background to human activities, climate, vegetation and relief. What could be the general term for these regions? A Natural region B Natural resources C Natural vegetation D Natural landscape E Natural climate

Suppose you were given several types of minerals and you were asked to select three non-metallic minerals. What would be your selection from the following alternatives? B Coal, gold and copper B Natural gas, silver and diamond C Oil, diamond and coal D Copper, silver and oil E Gold, natural gas and diamond (viii) The tourists enjoyed the temperature of Zanzibar which was 32°C at sea level. They also planned to travel from Zanzibar to Manyara which is 1500m above sea level. What will be the temperature experienced by the tourists in Manyara? A 23°C B 9°C C 19°C D 0.6°C E 17°C (ix) Which of the following occurs when the moon’s shadow cast over the earth? A Solar eclipse B Lunar eclipse C Aphelion D Summer solstice E Equinoxes 2. Match the descriptions of types of agriculture in L ist A with the correct type of agriculture in L ist B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided. (5 marks) List A List B (i) Crop cultivation practiced in a small plot of land. (ii) System of agriculture in which land is cultivated and left for some years to improve its fertility. (iii) Traditional system of crop cultivation in which farmers move to new farm land when the yields are low. (iv) Activity of growing crops and rearing livestock. (v) System of agriculture in which farms are owned by Government, Co-operatives and Private Companies. A B C D E F G H Agriculture Large scale agriculture Subsistence agriculture Sedentary agriculture Shifting cultivation Monoculture Bush fallowing Dairy farming