SECTION A (25 Marks) Answer all questions in this section. PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY 1. For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided. (i) Which of the following instruments is used to measure the maximum and minimum temperature? A Barometer B Thermometer C Anemometer D Six’s thermometer E Hydrometer. (ii) Which among the following is an extrusive volcanic feature? A Crater B Laccolith C Batholith D Sills E Dykes. (iii) One of the factors for soil formation is A organic matters B mineral matters. C tim. D water. E air. (iv) The layer of the atmosphere which is nearer to the earth’s surface is called A troposphere B stratosphere C hydrosphere D mesosphere E thermosphere. (v) Which among the following is a heavenly body that possesses and transmits its own light? A Moon B Sun C Earth D Asteroid E Planet. (vi) A region which consists of thick forests, tree dwellers and people who engage in the cultivation of rubber, cocoa, bananas and oil palms is known as A Tropical savanna B Tropical monsoon C Polar climate D Mediterranean E Equatorial. (vii) An instrument used to determine Magnetic North is called A Stevenson screen. B Compass. C Thermometer. D Hygrometer. E Barometer. (viii) Which of the following is not a process for chemical weathering? A Carbonation B Saltation C Hydrolysis D Hydration E Oxidation.

(ix) Which among the following features are produced by wave erosion? A Geo, wave cut platform and stack B Blow hole, sea arch and levee C Sea arch, beach and stump D Beach, spit and bars. E Tombolo, meander and cliff. (x) If the scale of a map is 1:50,000, what will be the actual ground distance of a river with 18 cm on a map? A 9 km B 2 km C 4 km D 18 km E 1 km. 2. Match the process involved in the formation of rocks in List A with the type of rock in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided. List A List B (i) Rocks formed when magma solidifies deep in the crust and can be exposed on the surface by agents of erosion. (ii) Rocks formed when molten magma cools and solidifies inside the rocks of the earth or on the surface of the earth. (iii) Rocks formed as results of deposition and compaction of remains of dead plants and animals. (iv) Rocks formed when different types of rocks are subjected to great heat and pressure. (v) Rocks formed when sediments are deposited either by water, sind or ice. A B C D E F G Crystalline rocks Igneous rocks Organic sedimentary rocks Intrusive volcanic rocks Extrusive volcanic rocks Metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks 3. (a) Define the following terms: (i) Distributaries. (ii) Lagoon. (iii) Levee. (b) Delta is formed under different conditions. Outline three conditions necessary for its

SECTION B (27 Marks) Answer all questions this section. APPLICATION OF STATISTICS, INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH AND ELEMENTARY SURVEYING 4. Carefully study the following statistical graph showing coffee production (in tonnes) in Tanzania, from 2011 to 2014 and answer the questions that follows: (b) Analyse the five procedures involved in constructing such a statistical graph. (c) Giving two points, comment on the differences in coffee production shown in the graph. (d) Give three advantages of presenting data by using the type of graph described in 4(a). 5. (a) Give three differences between interview and observation. (b) Outline four merits of library research. 6. Explain five importance of survey in daily life. ( a ) Describe the type of statistical graph used.

SECTION C (28 Marks) Answer all questions in this section. MAP READING AND PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION 7. Study the map extract of Ilonga (Sheet 265/2) and answer the following questions: (a) By using square method, determine the area North western of Luhombero river from grid reference 570963 to 644034. (b) With evidence from the map, name six symbols which have been used to interpret a given map. (c) Give the direction of Iputi to Ilonga. (d) Describe the settlement pattern of the mapped are. (e) Giving evidences, mention five possible economic activities which might take place in the mapped area.

8. Study the following photograph and answer the questions that follow: (a) Giving two reasons, name the type of photograph. (b) Suggest the type of settlement pattern and give one factor that has influenced it. (c) Suggest two economic activities that might take place in the area. (d) Provide three advantages of photographs over map. SECTION D (20 Marks) Answer one (1) question from each part. PART 1: REGIONAL FOCAL STUDIES 9. Explain five factors which influence the distribution of natural forests in the world.

10. Analyse five ways of promoting textile industry in Tanzania. PART II: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, POPULATION AND SETTLEMENTS 11. Describe seven problems associated with rapid urbanization. 12. Examine seven effects of climatic change in the world.