THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 013 GEOGRAPHY (For Both School and Private Candidates) Time: 3 Hours Thursday, 05 th November 2015 a.m. Instructions 1. This paper consists of sections A, B, C and D. 2. Answer all questions in sections A, B and C and one (1) question from each part of section D. 3. Map extract of Kasamwa (sheet 32/4) is provided. 4. Credit will be given for the use of relevant diagrams. 5. Calculators and Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room. 6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s)

SECTION A (25 Marks) Answer all questions in this section. PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY 1. For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter in the answer booklet provided. (i) Autumn, winter, spring and summer are the result of A monsoon B lunar eclipse C rotation D revolution E tides. (ii) A large part of the Southern Hemisphere is covered by A land mass B volcanoes C water mass D dark clouds E ice. (iii) The shallow part of the sea that stretches out from the coast is called A Continental shelf B Continental slope C Ocean ridge D Ocean trench E Island. (iv) Which of the following is not a factor influencing temperature of a place? A Aspect. B Ocean current. C Altitude. D Eclipse. E Length of a day. (v) The sideways erosion which widens the V-shaped valley is known as A vertical erosion B lateral erosion C headward erosion D hydraulic action E attrition. (vi) Deposition of soil materials removed from one horizon to another is called A illuviation B weathering C eluviation D organic sorting E leaching. (vii) Which of the following results to vertical movements within the earth’s crust? A Earthquake, faulting and volcanic eruptions. B Block mountains, raised beaches and broad basins. C Volcanic eruptions, rock fall and asymmetric folds. D Fold mountains, basins and asymmetrical folds. E Emerged coasts, over folds and faulting. (viii) Which among the following features is the impact of water action in the desert? A Yardang B Gullies C Badlands D Sinkholes E Rock pedestals. (ix) An active state of decomposition caused by soil microorganism is called A organic matter B soil water C mineral matter D soil air E soil components.

(x) Which of the following is associated with magnitude of an earthquake? A Richter scale B Seismography C Focus D Epicenter E Tsunami. 2. Match the items in List A with the responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided. List A List B (i) Residues that have decomposed and mixed with soil mass. A B C D E F G H I J K Soil type Soil profile Loam soil Soil texture Soil structure Soil fertility Soil organic matters Soil chemistry Soil erosion Soil water Soil Air (ii) Status of soil with respect to amount of elements necessary for plants growth. (iii) Removal of materials from surface of land. (iv) Vertical section of the soil to the underlying rocks. (v) Fineness and coarseness of soil particles. 3. With the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe the internal structure of the earth. SECTION B (27 Marks) Answer all questions this section. APPLICATION OF STATISTICS, INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH AND ELEMENTARY SURVEYING 4. Study the following data showing the production of Irish Potatoes in a thousand (“000”) tones in three villages in Tanzania from 2000 to 2002, then answer the questions that follow: Year Potato production (“000”) Sunga Mwalugulu Mpera 2000 20 15 5 2001 40 15 10 2002 50 20 10 (a) Construct a compound bar graph to show the production of Irish potatoes in the three villages. (b) Give three advantages and two disadvantages of the compound bar graph. (c) Suggest any other methods which could be used to present the data provided in the table.

5. (a) What is an interview? (b) Analyze five things to be adhered to for a researcher to have a successful interview. 6. (a) (i) Define chain survey. (ii) Give four principles of chain survey. (b) Give one reason for each of the following: (i) Ranging pole has a pointed metal end. (ii) Note book is important during field study. (iii) Back bearings are taken during compass survey. (iv) During surveying, measurements are called back by the booker. SECTION C (28 Marks) Answer all questions in this section. MAP READING AND PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION 7. Study the map extract of Kasamwa (sheet 32/4), then answer the questions that follow: (a) Identify two ways that have been used to show relief on the map. (b) Draw a relief section to connect Nyabubele Hill at 383834 and Bungwe Hill at 430825. (c) Identify the length of the all-weather road in km from grid reference 315844 to 443940. (d) Find the bearings of Chabulongo Hill at 367917 to a school at Nyamahuna 349818.

8. Carefully study the photograph given below then answer the questions that follow: (a) Name the type of photograph. (b) Describe the relief of the area. (c) Giving two reasons, describe the scale of production of the crop in the photograph. (d) Explain two uses of the crop in the photograph. (e) Describe three conditions necessary for the production of the crop. SECTION D (20 Marks) Answer one (1) question from each part. PART 1: REGIONAL FOCAL STUDIES 9. Describe six contributions of cash crops production ot the economy of United States of America. 10. Analyse six potentials of the Rufiji river basin.

PART II: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT 11. Give five reasons for decreasing death rates in many parts of the world. 12. With the aid of examples, describe six factors affecting growth of settlements in Africa.