THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 022 ENGLISH LANGUAGE (For Both School and Private Candidates Only) Time: 3 Hours Tuesday, 01 st November 2016 a.m. Instructions 1. This paper consists of sections A, B, C and D. 2. Answer all questions in sections A and B; and sections C and D as instructed under each section. 3. Cellular phones and calculators are not allowed in the examination room. 4. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (10 Marks) COMPREHENSION AND SUMMARY 1. Read the passage below carefully then answer the questions that follow. In the area where water is not enough throughout the year, the farmer has to use the available materials to conserve soil moisture. The soil moisture can be preserved by using dry materials that can be applied as a carpet on the ground or plant hedges which will prevent the available moisture to be dried up by the sun especially during dry seasons. However, care must be taken not to plant hedges which will compete with the plants for consumption of soil nutrients. The trees planted should not be too close to the plants, but just to create shading to the plants in the field. The application of dry materials in the field, not only conserves the soil moisture, but also adds soil fertility through decaying of those materials. The decomposition of organic matters in the soil results in improving soil structure and hence high production of crops. Apart from adding fertility to the soil, the decaying matters act as a soil cover to prevent soil erosion especially during heavy rains. It also suppresses weeds which compete with the crops in the field. In the areas where farm manure or other fertilizers are not available, mulching materials can be the best supplement in the soil. Questions (a) Choose the most correct answer from among the alternatives given and write its letter in your answer booklet. (i) When mulching material should be applied in the field? A During heavy rainfall throughout the year B When the rain or water is not available in the area C When different types of crops are planted in the same land D When the farmers do not have fertilizers E Throughout the year in different places. (ii) How trees used as hedges or shades should be planted? A Should not be so close to the plants to avoid nutrients competition B Should be close to the plants to ensure shading C Should be planted by using manure D Should be planted very far from the plants E Should be planted with mulching materials.

(iii) Soil fertility is a result of what? A Decomposition of the field crops C Planting trees around the farm D Preservation of the soil moisture in the field E APplying manure in the field. (iv) Why is it important to apply dry matters in the soil? A It adds moisture in the soil B It creates the room for insects C It prevents heavy rainfall D It prevents sun rays E It improves soil fertility. (b) Complete the following sentences with the right information from the passage. (i) The process of decaying of organic matter involves . (ii) Application of dry matters on top of the soil acts as a carpet to avoid . (iii) The best supplement in the soil can be . 2. Read and summarize the following passage in five sentences in a single paragraph. It is very easy to acquire bad habits such as eating too many sweets, drinking too much or smoking. The more we do it, the more we like it. If we do not continue doing it we feel unhappy. This is called the force of habit which should be fought by each of us. One of the deeply rooted habits is the use of tobacco. Tobacco is now smoked or chewed by not only men and women but also youths all over the world. It was brought to Africa by foreigners from America. Smoking and chewing tobacco is not good and it is difficult to get rid of it once it has been formed. Alcohol is taken in almost all cool and cold climates. It is unnecessary to anybody in any way. In Tanzania, there are people who use alcohol. The excessive use of alcohol should be avoided as it causes harm in many ways. It affects various organs, it weakens the liver and mental powers and lessens the general energy of the body. SECTION B (20 Marks) PATTERNS AND VOCABULARY Answer all questions in this section. 3. Re-write the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. (a) If you do not study hard you are going to fail. (Begin: Unless ). (b) The coffee is too hot. No one can drink it. (Use: too …. to).

(c) Rose is tall like James. (Use: as …. as). (d) In spite of the fact that it is raining heavily, Fatuma is going to school. (Begin: Despite ). 4. Two of the given things are used by certain people in their daily activities. Choose two things and write them beside the people in the given list. Things: gun, thermometer, pen, rake, book, bullets, injection, car, train, cooking pot, water can People: (a) Student , . (b) Soldier , . (c) Doctor , . (d) Gardener , . 5. Fill in the blank spaces with the appropriate prepositions provided. from, to, by, of (a) I would abide their decisions. (b) The patient was suffering ebola. (c) Bongolala is afraid dogs. (d) Hawa was married Selemani. 6. In each of the following sentences, one word is wrong. Identify and replace it by writing the right word. (a) Our headmaster told us to make sure that everyone has paid the school fare. (b) I don’t want to cat this tree today. (c) His leg was hut when he kicked the ball. (d) There was a red mark on her left chick. 7. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Hamsa’s family has two children, who are Hawa and Amina. Hawa got married to Amani and Amina got married to Musa. Hawa and Amani have two children Samweli and Anna, while

Amina and Musa’s children are Joshua and Zawadi. Joshua and Samweli are 25 years old, while Anna and Zawadi are 20 years old. They are all graduates. Questions (a) What is the relationship between Hawa and Amani? (b) What is the relationship between Musa and Joshua? (c) What is the relationship between Samweli and Anna? (d) Samweli, Anna, Zawadi and Joshua are of Mr. and Mrs. Hamsa. SECTION C (30 Marks) LANGUAGE USE Answer questions 8, 9 and two of the four given alternatives in question 10. 8. Rearrange the following five sentences into a logical sequence to make a meaningful paragraph by writing the corresponding letter in the answer booklet provided. Use the following format for your answers. Sentence Number 1 2 3 4 5 Letter A. They were shouting to the bus driver who caused a serious accident. B. On my way to the market, I met a crowd of people shouting. C. Finally, the bus driver was taken to the nearby police station. D. One day, I was asked to go to the market by my mother. E. Two people who were on the motor bicycle died on the spot. 9. Match each expression in List A with the word from List B by writing its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet provided. Use the following format for your answers. Number i ii iii iv v Letter LIST A LIST B (i) Shirt, skirt and blouse (ii) Spinach, cabbage, onions. (iii) Table, chair and stool. (iv) Mangoes, oranges and bananas. (v) Fanta, Sprite and Coca-Cola. A. Vegetables B. Soda C. Clothes D. Juice E. Food F. Fruits G. Furniture

10. Answer two questions from the four alternatives A, B, C and D. A. Write a letter to the General Manager, Arusha Posho Millers P.O. Box 444 Arusha, applying for the post of an Accountant as it was advertised in the Sunday News of 21 st April, 2015. Sign your name as Mzuri Kalumekenge and your address is P.O. Box 333 Chekereni. B. Tanzania has been losing a lot of citizens in the road accidents. Imagine you were the Minister for Home Affairs, prepare a speech of not more than 250 words on the causes of these accidents. Give eight points. C. Write an essay of not more than 250 words on the most important things to consider in making the environment beautiful. Give eight points. D. Write a letter to the Guardian Newspaper on the article about “Malaria, The killer disease” in your area as it was published on 9 th May, 2015. Sign your name as Ajuae Shida and your address is P.O. Box 444 Tanga. SECTION D (40 Marks) RESPONSE TO READING Answer two questions from this section. One question should be selected from poetry and the other from novels and short stories or plays. LIST OF READINGS NOVELS AND SHORT STORIES A Wreath for Father Mayer of Masasi - S.N. Ndunguru (1997), Mkuki na Nyota Unanswered Cries - Osman Conteh, Macmillan Passed Like a Shadow - B.M Mapalala (2006), DUP Spared - S.N. Ndunguru (2004), Mkuki na Nyota Weep Not Child - Ngugi wa Thiong’o (1987); Heinemann The Interview - P. Ngugi (2002), Macmillan PLAYS Three Suitors: One Husband - O. Mbia (1994), Eyre Methuen The Lion and the Jewel - W. Soyinka (1963), OUP This Time Tomorrow - Ngugi wa Thiong’o (1972), Heinemann The Black Hermit - Ngugi wa Thiong’o (1972), Heinemann POETRY Songs of Lawino and Ocol - O. P’Bitek (1979), EAPH Growing up with Poetry - D. Rubadiri (ed) (1989), Heinemann Summons - R. Mabala (1980), TPH

11. Read the following poem and then answer the questions that follow. Thin and red Skinny and bald The boy roars on the ground Swollen stomach Full of waste Thin legs Thin arms Twitch As the boy Fights with flies Over the empty plate Ten years old He looks older than ten And younger than young And so small As he wriggles Prisoner Of his unproportioned body “Mother” shouts the boy When I grow up I will carry a gun And not a pen “My son” shouts the mother You will never live to carry a gun There is no meat for us. Questions: (a) What is the poem about? (b) Who is the persona? (c) What is the mood of the persona? (d) How many stanzas are in the poem? (e) How many verses does the poem have? (f) What are the possible two themes in this poem? (g) Briefly explain the relevance of the two themes mentioned in (f) above to your society. (h) What does the word “gun” symbolise? (i) What do we learn from this poem? (j) What type of poem is this? 12. “Poets like other literary artists have messages they want to convey to their readers through poems”. Discuss the statement referring to two poems you have read and appreciated. Give four messages from each poem.

13. Choose eight characters, four from each of the two plays you have read under this section and discuss their roles to the societies. 14. With reference to any two novels you have read under this section, explain how the behaviour of some of the characters affect the welfare of the majority in society. Give four points from each novel.