THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 022 ENGLISH LANGUAGE (For School Candidates Only) Time: 3 Hours Thursday, 7 th October 2010 a.m. Instructions 1. This paper consists of sections A, B, C and D. 2. Answer the questions as instructed under each section. 3. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room. 4. Calculators are not allowed in the examination room. 5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s). This paper consists of 8 printed pages.

SECTION A (10 Marks) COMPREHENSION AND SUMMARY Answer all questions in this section. 1. Read the passage below carefully and answer the questions that follow As natural forests and woodlands continue to be depleted in Southern Africa, the ‘solar option’ seems to be one of the renewable energy solution to environmental degradation in the region. However, without government subsidies, deforestation will continue as many people cannot afford a solar installation. Although the trend today is to move away from government subsidies, a tax incentive has been proposed on all purchases related to solar energy. Such measures could help to reduce deforestation by encouraging such purchases. The unavailability of conventional sources of energy in Southern Africa has contributed to environmental degradation as peasants, who form the majority of the population make a living from the land through unsustainable means. In Tanzania 85% of the people live in the rural areas and firewood is their main source of energy. Charcoal mainly used in urban areas, together with wood accounts for 92.83% of the country’s deforestation. Environmentalists argue that the use of solar in both urban and rural areas would not only reduce deforestation but will also foster development, and in the long-run improved living standards. For instance, lighting in rural areas would enable more children to study and get good grades unlike a situation where lack of lighting comprises their school performance. So too, can industrial or any other work continue into the night. Sub-Saharan Africa’s population is increasing rapidly and is expected to double in the next 35 years, putting a further strain on the already limited resources. Solar energy is so far the easiest alternative to non-renewable sources of energy with the abundance of sun light in the region. Wood fuel accounts for 75% of SADC countries’ total energy consumption, putting tremendous strain on forests and wood land reserves. To save the environment, SADC countries have increased efforts and private initiatives for the development and dissemination of various alternative energy technologies such as solar energy, fuel, alcohol, biomass and windmills.

Some foreign and local private firms in the region are selling solar energy devices such as photovoltaic panels, solar cookers and solar heaters, a move welcomed by many environmentalists. In most countries in the region, however, solar energy is still being used on a smaller scale. Questions (a) Write the letter of the correct answer in order to answer questions (i)-(iv). (i) Besides government subsidies, a tax incentive has been proposed on all purchases related to solar energy related to solar energy in order to: A. encourage deforestation B. reduce deforestation by encouraging solar installation C. deplete natural forests and woodlands D. discourage such purchases E. reduce afforestation by encouraging solar installation. (ii) Despite the efforts of foreign and local private firms to sell solar energy devices in the region, most of the countries in the region use: A. solar energy in a large scale B. solar energy in a small scale C. solar devices such as photovoltaic panels D. solar power in a smaller scale E. solar energy in a smaller scale. (iii) Wood fuel accounts for 75% of SADC countries’ total energy consumption. It means: A. SADC countries use wood fuel for 75% B. SADC countries use 75% of wood for fuel C. Wood is used by 75% as total energy D. Putting tremendous strain on forests and woodland reserves E. 75% of total population in SADC countries use wood. (iv) SADC countries need solar energy because: A. the government in the region needs solar energy B. forestation is taking place C. the natural forests and woodlands are disappearing D. of thick rain forests E. the SADC people fail to establish natural forests for domestic use.

b) Complete the following sentences by filling in the blank spaces with appropriate information from the passage. i. Solar energy is the easiest alternative to non-renewable sources of energy in Africa because . ii. Solar energy has a lot of benefits, one of it being . iii. The major concern of the author is . 2. Read the following passage and summarise it in five (5) clear sentences. Weeds are unwanted plants, or plants growing in a place where they are in competition with another plant that is needed. Although unwanted, they can have importance to human life as to provide organic matter and mineral nutrients. Some weeds are used as vegetables. Examples are pig weed and black nightshade. The leaves of these plants are boiled and eaten as spinach. Weeds provide a good surface cover and thereby minimize water evaporation and control soil erosion. Some weeds are a source of food for wild game. This is particularly important in the region where national parks are a good source of foreign exchange. SECTION B (20 Marks) PATTERNS AND VOCABULARY Answer all the questions in this section. 3. Fill in the blanks by writing the correct form of the word from the brackets against the item number. Dar es salaam (i) (be) only a small (ii) (fish) village when the Sultan (iii) (decide) to build a town there in 1862. At one time, Tanga (iv) (be) more important because the first railway in Tanganyika (v) (use) that port. But when the railway to Kigoma (vi) (finish) in 1914, Dar es salaam (vii) (able) to serve a much larger hinterland than Tanga. It now (viii) (carry) more than ⅔ of mainland trade. 4. Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each sentence. (a) The match between Young African and Simba sports club was enjoyable in spite of the rainfall. Use: Despite (b) You will pass the examination if you work hard. Use: Unless

(c) The student was so small that he did not touch the top of the blackboard. Use: too … to (d) The Agricultural Extension Officer advised farmers to plant earlier so as to get good yields. Begin: Farmers 5. One of the words in each of the following sentences is wrong. Correct them by writing the right spellings of the wrong word. a) I don’t want to west time. I have a lot to do today. b) The pass she carried was enough to put all the money for shopping. c) Our class teacher told the students to buy the write book on the new syllabus. d) I’m tired. Who can get me a chair to seat on? 6. The following is the time table showing daily activities done by Shukurani. Complete the sentences (a-d) using the information given in the timetable. 5:00 a.m. - wake up 5:00-5:15 a.m. - praying 6:00 a.m. - go to school 4:00 p.m. - go back home E.g. Shukrani wakes up at 5:00 a.m. everyday. a) Shukurani b) She c) She d) She

7. Complete the following dialogue between Jumanne and Alhamisi who meet for the first time. Give/ are given, travel/ am travelled, owned/ is owned, drives/ is driven, gave/ was given, sold/ was sold, hear/ heard, put/ were put a) Jumanne: How are you? I’m happy to see you. My name is Jumanne, I come from Tanangozi Iringa. ? b) Alhamisi: I’m Alhamisi. I come from Kantalamba Rukwa, ? c) Jumanne: I’m on my way to Dar es Salaam. I’m doing my masters degree at the University Dar es Salaam. ? d) Alhamisi: I’m now doing my first degree at the Sokoine University of Agriculture. ? e) Jumanne: I have private sponsorship. SECTION C (30 Marks) LANGUAGE USE Answer questions 8, 9 and two (2) of the four (4) alternatives given in question 10. 8. Rearrange the following sentences in a logical sequence to make a meaningful paragraph by writing the letter beside the item number in the answer booklet (s) provided. For example (i) - F A. The three East African countries (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) have a memorable history of cultural and socio-economic co-operation. B. In 1967 a treaty was signed to create the East African Community on the model of the European Community, which it was hoped would attract more members, such as Zambia and Ethiopia. C. The earlier co-operation initiated by British colonialism established the foundation for the future regional integration. D. In 1961 the East African Common Services Organization was created. E. These have included the Customs Union between Kenya and Uganda in 1917, which then Tanganyika later joined in 1927.

9. Match the items in List A with responses in List B to make meaningful sentences by writing the letter of correct answer beside the item number in the answer booklet (s) provided. LIST A LIST B (i) It wasn’t raining yesterday …. (ii) They’ll get lost …. (iii) The film was made in India …. (iv) ‘Why are you working late, Salum?’ …. (v) That car belongs to John …. A. but the story was written by a Frenchman B. it is his. C. if you go with them. D. but the story is written by a Frenchman E. Was it? F. it is him. G. he asked Salum why he was working late. H. Wasn’t it? I. he asked Salum why he is working late. J. if you don’t give them a map. 10. Answer two (2) questions from the four (4) alternatives A, B, C and D. A. You have been invited by your neighbouring school to participate in a debate with the motion “Tourism should be encouraged as it promotes social relations and stabilize our economy.” Write your speech to support the motion. B. Your young brother, Desa Kipanga, has been offered a Form V place at Changanyikeni secondary school and the parents are willing to pay for him. He is however, tired of school and has decided to take a job straight. Write him a letter to persuade him to change his mind, lest he regrets his decision in future. Sign your name as Shukuru Kipanga. C. For years now, the flow of youths from rural areas to towns has been increasing. Explain the economic effect of this situation and suggest what the government should do to control it. D. Write a composition of not less than 250 words on why the majority of students in your school fail to communicate in English.

SECTION D (40 Marks) RESPONSE TO READING Answer two (2) questions from this section. One question should be selected from poetry and the other from novels and short stories or plays. LIST OF READINGS NOVELS AND SHORT STORIES A Wreath for Father Mayer of Masasi - S.N. Ndunguru (1997), Mkuki na Nyota Unanswered Cries - Osman Conteh, Macmillan Passed Like a Shadow - B.M Mapalala (2006), DUP Spared - S.N. Ndunguru (2004), Mkuki na Nyota Weep Not Child - Ngugi wa Thiong’o (1987); Heinemann The interview - P. Ngugi (2002), Macmillan PLAYS Three Suitors: One Husband - O. Mbia (1994), Eyre Methuen The Lion and the Jewel - W. Soyinka (1963), OUP This Time Tomorrow - Ngugi wa Thiong’o (1972), Heinemann The Black Hermit - Ngugi wa Thiong’o (1972), Heinemann POETRY Songs of Lawino and Ocol - O. P’Bitek (1979), EAPH Growing up with Poetry - D. Rubadiri (ed) (1989), Heinemann Summons - R. Mabala (1960), TPH 11. Choose one (1) poem you have read and clearly analyse it by considering the following: (i) Message (what it is about/what do we learn from it?). (ii) Theme (the central idea). (iii) Relevance to the present-day situation in your society. 12. For a change to take place, conflicts are inevitable. Justify this statement making reference to four (4) poems you have read. 13. Family stability is highly determined by the relationship between wife and husband. When this relationship is bad, it causes instability in the family. Support the above veiw point using two (2) novels under this section. 14. In African societies, there were divisions among members when referring to issues of modernity. Discuss the statement with examples from two of the prescribed plays.